All over the world, plants and animals of different species from varied environments reproduce. One thing that is different across species is the mechanism that determines sex - male or female.
In all mammals, including humans, male or female is determined by the fusion of XX or XY chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes while males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. The offspring, whether be male or female is determined by the sperm cell, passed down from the male. If the male sperm contributes a Y chromosome, the result comes to be YX- male offspring, but if X chromosome, the result comes to be XX- the female offspring.
Birds are exactly the opposite of humans, in that the sex of their offspring is determined by egg cells rather than sperm cells. The females are homozygous, having two identical sex chromosomes, whereas males are heterozygous, having two different sex chromosomes. These chromosomes are labeled as W and Z.
Cockroaches and some species of grasshoppers determine the sex of their offspring in a different way. There is only 1 type of chromosome: the X chromosome. A female has two X chromosomes, while a male has only one. The gender of offspring is determined by whether or not the male passes on his chromosome. If he does not, the offspring is male.
In many other animals, chromosomes do not determine the sex of the offspring. For example, the sex of the offspring of the crocodile and turtle depends on the egg temperature during incubation. If the egg is incubated in high temperature, the offspring will be female. If it is incubated in low temperatures, then it will be male.
Unlike most other living species, most plants are hermaphroditic, meaning that they have both male and female sex organs.
For some plant species, genetic makeup determines gender; for others, environment plays a central role.
Shreya Dahal
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Ayugma
the sex of offspring which is the ultimate result of the incubation temperature(which you explicit in last paragraph)is the mesmerizing facts for me and i wondered to know about that.This is really a informative.The way you elucidate the topics is really appreciable,hope you will again enthrall the readers countenancing the such wonderful articles..
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